![]() Some Arab leaders argued that they represented the majority of the population and should be granted more territory. Most Jewish leaders accepted the plan, but many Palestinian Arabs-some of whom had been actively fighting British and Jewish interests in the region since the 1920s-vehemently opposed it. The city of Jerusalem, which was claimed as a capital by both Jews and Palestinian Arabs, was to be an international territory with a special status. ![]() ![]() In 1947, after more than two decades of British rule, the United Nations proposed a plan to partition Palestine into two sections: an independent Jewish state and an independent Arab state. The League of Nations issued a British mandate for Palestine-a document that gave Britain administrative control over the region, and included provisions for establishing a Jewish national homeland in Palestine-which went into effect in 1923. ![]() When World War I ended in 1918, the British took control of Palestine. Between 15, the Ottoman Empire-whose official religion was Islam-ruled the region. During the Crusades, Christian armies from Western Europe fought both Muslims and local Christian factions for control of their religions' holy sites. It first came under Muslim control when Jerusalem fell to the Rashidun Caliphate in 637, less than five years after the Prophet Muhammed's death. The region was later conquered by numerous empires, including the Babylonians, Persians and Romans. Those kingdoms' rivals included other Canaanite groups like the Philistines, whose territory encompassed the ancient city of Gaza. The Hebrew Bible contains narratives of ancient Israelites' presence in the land, including the kingdoms of Israel and Judah, established by King David and his descendants around 1000 B.C. Over the centuries, Jews, Muslims and Christians and followers of other religions have all claimed special connections to the region. Scholars believe the name “Palestine” is derived from the name of the people-the Philistines-who occupied part of the region in the 12th century B.C. More than 135 United Nations member countries recognize Palestine as an independent state, but Israel and some other countries, including the United States, don’t make this distinction. There is no international consensus concerning the borders-28 United Nations member countries currently do not recognize Israel at all-and many areas claimed by the Palestinian Territories are also claimed by Israel. However, control over this region is a complex and evolving situation. These areas have been under Israeli military occupation since 1967. Today, the region known as the Palestinian Territories includes the West Bank (a territory that sits between modern-day Israel and Jordan) and the Gaza Strip (bordering Israel and Egypt). Much of this land is now part of present-day Israel. Judaism, Christianity and Islam are all strongly tied to the region, and trace origins to the land over the past few thousand years.įollowing the 1918 fall of the Ottoman Empire during World War I, Palestine typically referred to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. ![]() The word Palestine derives from ancient Greek (Philistia), but ancient Egyptian, Assyrian and Hebrew languages also included similar-sounding words to describe the region or its people. ![]()
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